3^rd International Conference on Physics February 18-19, 2022 Rome, Italy

Condensed material physics is a branch of material science that engage with the physical properties of condense phase of matter, where particles stick to each other. Generally, they include the laws of quantum mechanics and electromagnetism. it is closely related with atomic physics and biophysics. Research in condensed matter physics includes the development of the semiconductor transistor, laser technology, and several phenomena studied in the context of nanotechnology.

Astro- particle physics, is a branch of particle physics that studies basic particles of astronomical origin and lies at the intersection of particle physics and astrophysics. Whereas Cosmology is the study of the birth and evolution of the Universe. It is relatively a new field arising at the collaboration of particle physics, astronomy, astrophysics, relativity, solid state physics, and cosmology. Partially driven by the invention of neutrino oscillation. Research in Astro- particle physics field includes high-energy cosmic-ray physics, Particle cosmology, VHE and UHE gamma-ray astronomy, high- and low-energy neutrino astronomy.Cosmology mainly focuses on stellar dynamics and evolution; galaxy formation and evolution; magneto hydrodynamics; large-scale structure of matter in the universe; origin of cosmic rays; general relativity and physical cosmology, including string cosmology and Astro particle physics.

Material physics is the branch of physics that describes the physical properties of materials. It is considered as a subset of condensed matter physics which applies fundamental condensed matter concepts to complex multiphase media, including materials of technological interest. It forms the basis for the development of new materials with previously unachieved functionalities for future key technologies such as nanotechnology and biomaterials Materials physics has applications in a wide range of fields, from materials engineering and medicine to climate protection through efficient use of resources.

Branch of physics involved in understanding the properties and behavior of elementary particles, through study of collisions or decays involving energies of hundreds of megaelectronvolts. Research in High Energy Nuclear Field Involves the exploration of the nuclear matter under extreme conditions and the Quark-Gluon Plasma, which existed for about a microsecond after the Big Bang. It now incorporates topics earlier considered the domain of particle physics, including exotic mesons, multi-GeV reaction studies, and the quark-gluon plasma.

Atomic physics is the field of physics that analyses atoms as an isolated system of electrons and an atomic nucleus while molecular physics is the study of the physical properties of molecules. Optical physics use and develop light sources that span the electromagnetic spectrum from microwaves to X-rays. The optical physics includes the generation and detection of light, linear and nonlinear optical processes, spectroscopy, lasers and laser spectroscopy. The three branches are closely interrelated. Naturally, the theory and applications of emission, absorption, scattering of electromagnetic radiation from atoms and molecules, analysis of spectroscopy, generation of lasers and masers, and the optical properties of matter fall into these categories.

Quantum physics is the study of the smallest particles which are likely to be the fundamental particles of universe. Quantum physics is necessary to understand the properties of solids, atoms, nuclei, sub nuclear particles and light. Its Subfields include: Quantum computing, Quantum cryptography, Quantum teleportation. Quantum cryptography the science of sending secret messages through a quantum channel. It uses properties of quantum mechanics to establish a secure key, a method known as quantum key distribution. Quantum computers boost processing power as they use quantum bits, or qubits. The most accurate clocks in the world, atomic clocks, use principles of quantum theory to measure time. Quantum techniques can also be useful to reducing the noise present in laser beams, a method known as squeezing.

Nanotechnology Is the study of matter and machines down to scales of a billionth of a meter. It is one of the most dynamic areas of research and development as it plays a crucial role in basic physics and applied physics and engineering and in case of   molecular materials. Nanotechnology is helping to revolutionize, many technology and industry sectors like information technology, homeland security, medicine, transportation, energy and many others.

Plasma are a collection of charged particles, both positive and negative which behave in a collective way and Plasma science is the research of charged particles and fluids interrelating with self-consistent electric and magnetic fields. It is a research discipline that has many different areas of application such as space and astrophysics, controlled fusion, accelerator physics and beam storage. Plasmas science is also used in connection with nanotechnology to create catalytic fuel cell electrodes that needs only one fifth of the platinum of conventional electrodes. Such advances are likely to have a reflective effect on "green" vehicles of the future.

Electromagnetism is a branch of physics concerning the study of the electromagnetic force and is one of the four fundamentals forces.it deals with the physical relations between electricity and magnetism. Whereas Electronics is the study of how to control the flow of electrons. Branches of Electronics includes Analogue electronics, Digital electronics, Microelectronics, Embedded systems etc.

Applied physics Deals with physics research that unites "pure" physics with engineering. Applied physics research Is involved with developing instrumentation for scientific research. It is generally considered as a bridge in between physics and engineering. Applied physics deals with practical physics, i.e. the study of things for practical application. applied physics is rooted in the fundamental truths and basic concepts of the physics but is concerned with the utilization of these principles in practical devices and systems. Applied Physics include research in field of condensed matter, lasers and quantum electronics, high-speed opto-electronics, free-electron laser physics, vacuum tunneling, nondestructive testing, biophysics, synchrotron and accelerator physics, semiconductor physics and devices, and astrophysics and space physics.

Atomic material science and Particle Physics is the zone of material science that reviews nuclear cores and their components and cooperations. The most usually known sort of atomic material science is atomic power era, the examination has hurry to tenders in many fields, including atomic medicine and attractive resonation imaging, atomic weapons, particle implantation in materials building, and radiocarbon dating in geography and archaic exploration.

Molecular biophysics normally addresses biological questions similar to those in biochemistry and molecular biology, seeking to find the physical underpinnings of biomolecular phenomena. Scientists in this field conduct research concerned with understanding the connections between the various systems of a cell, including the interactions between DNA, RNA and protein biosynthesis, as well as how these interactions are controlled.

The goal of modern materials science is to understand the factors that determine the properties of matter on the atomic scale, and then to use this knowledge to optimise those properties or to develop new materials and functionality. This process regularly involves the discovery of fascinating new physics, which itself may lead to previously unthought-of capabilities. Almost all of the major changes in our society, from the dramatic growth of computing and the internet to the steady increase in average life span, have their origin in our understanding and exploitation of the physics and chemistry of materials. To investigate atomic-scale structure and dynamics, scientists use a variety of tools and techniques, often based on the scattering of beams of particles. An “ideal” probe might be one that has a wavelength similar to the spacing between atoms, in order to study structure with atomic resolution, and an energy similar to that of atoms in materials in order to study their dynamics. It would have no charge, to avoid strong scattering by charges on the electrons or the nucleus and allow deep penetration into materials. It would be scattered to a similar extent by both light and heavy atoms and have a suitable magnetic moment so that we can also easily study magnetism. The scattering cross-section would be precisely measurable on an absolute scale, to facilitate comparison with theory and computer modelling.

A particle accelerator is a machine that accelerates elementary particles, such as electrons or protons, to very high energies. On a basic level, particle accelerators produce beams of charged particles that can be used for a variety of research purposes. There are two basic types of particle accelerators: linear accelerators and circular accelerators. Linear accelerators propel particles along a linear, or straight, beam line. Circular accelerators propel particles around a circular track. Linear accelerators are used for fixed-target experiments, whereas circular accelerators can be used for both colliding beam and fixed target experiments.

Radiation protection is a term applied to concepts, requirements, technologies and operations related to protection of people (radiation workers, members of the public, and patients undergoing radiation diagnosis and therapy) against the harmful effects of ionising radiation. It has its origins early in the twentieth century. The benefits of radiation were first recognised in the use of X-rays for medical diagnosis, very soon after the discoveries of radiation and radioactivity. The rush to exploit the medical benefits led fairly soon to the recognition of the other side of the coin, that of radiation-induced harm. In those early days, only the most obvious forms of harm resulting from high doses of radiation, such as radiation burns , were observed and protection efforts focused on their prevention, mainly for practitioners rather than patients. Although the issue was narrow, this was the origin of radiation protection as a discipline. Over the middle decades of this century, it was gradually recognised that there were other, less obvious, harmful radiation effects such as radiation-induced cancer, for which there is a certain risk even at low doses of radiation. This risk cannot be completely prevented. It can only be minimised. Therefore, the overt balancing of benefits from nuclear and radiation practices against radiation risk, and efforts to reduce the residual risk, have become a major feature of radiation protection.

Quantum theory is the theoretic basis of modern physics which explains the nature and the behaviour of matter and energy in the atomic as well as subatomic level. The nature and the performance of matter and energy at that level is referred as quantum physics. Quantum physics is the science of small things in which the quantum reality has an effect. Quantum is mentioned as discrete amount or portion. One of the most unexpected and controversial aspects of quantum physics is that it’s impossible to determine with certainty the outcome of a single experiment on a quantum system.

The role of the Medical Physics subsection in Current Oncology is to provide information and evaluations of these exciting developments in image-guided adaptive radiation therapy. Current Oncology also publishes critical evaluation studies of the clinical implementation and effect of novel and clinically established technologies. Medical physics is, usually speaking, the application of physics concepts, theories and methods to medicine or healthcare.

Astrophysics is an extension of classical Astronomy which deals with the celestial bodies and phenomena. Astrophysics can also be defined as the combination of Astronomy and Physics. Some areas where we can see the applications of research in astronomy are electronics, advanced computing, communication satellites, optics, solar panels and MRI Scanners.  Even though it takes time before an application of a research in astrophysics finds its way into our daily life, the impact it eventually makes is worth the wait.

Matter does not simply pull on other matter across empty space, as Newton had fancied. Rather matter garbles space-time and it is this garbled space-time that in turn impacts other matter. Objects (including planets, like the Earth, for instance) fly freely under their own inertia through space-time, following curved paths because this is the shortest possible path (or geodesic) in twisted space-time.